Monday, December 15, 2008

Solution Of John C Hull

Nobody can stop me

I have an index! (Range, that is).




Yeeeha!


Monday, November 24, 2008

Brent Everett Y Brent Corrigan.

Calculations

As long as one does not work you can think a thousand things. A recurring in my life is put to calculate hours. The soon to make such a day when Easter occurred. Well, this afternoon gave me there, following the reading of one of the links that I have on my right and the fact that, finally, I am enrolled to do the research. Price of the doctors speak another day, if you want.

As I was saying. I have registered. 12 credits, of which 4
they are dedicated (in theory) work itself. Taking into account the foreign exchange market, the ECTS and such, I get that I have to spend (in theory, again) 400 hours per subject.
(* correction, not 4, but I spend 8 credits (in theory, of course) to the research.)

Bah, I thought. And I figured.

face it already, is to wake up. I get up every day at 8 to go to work. 9 to 17 am in the research group (lately we liadísimos), 17 to 19 kinds of languages \u200b\u200band the 19 ... "Thesis?



Since last week I spend 2 hours daily (from 19 to 21) to the dissertation. 2 hours a day is enough, but I have no time. Being a bit optimistic to expect that I will work about 18 days a month in the dissertation. It is no madness. Monday to Thursday each week and every other Friday.

But two hours a day (36 month), reaching 400 hours of the thesis is, Beckham lives impossible. Three hours a day would be a commitment of 134 days about seven months and a half, starting in December, would put an end to work in summer, a few days before July.

And I've made, ciborium. Where do I sign? I think too little. Three hours a day for 18 days a month ... I do not know. For now I'll keep that pace, keep the two hours in the afternoon / night and try to steal a work, you can always do. Also, now is a quieter time. If I see a couple of months the thing does not move forward, bring out the calculator again.

Wednesday, November 19, 2008

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October 2008 October 2007

A couple of posts talking about how it has changed my life in a year. Today, while returning home I thought I made progress academically.

In a year that I have a doctorate,

- have completed the courses. It seems silly but it is necessary to begin the research.
- I have thesis topics (dissertation) and director. It also may seem obvious, but it is not so, is a big step and I have been a relief.
- I attended two meetings with other doctoral students. I'm pretty proud of this point. A national day and two weeks of Summer School at the international level. To be honest, not stressed in either, but rather quite the opposite; I tried to go unnoticed, but I believe that participating in these events is necessary. The sooner the better, too.
- I have two jobs to "stand by" pending approval from two separate teachers to send to a conference / journal. Hope is the last thing you lose, you know.
- I got a job in the research group and I am actively involved in some projects. One of them even allowed me to travel abroad with all expenses paid.

But all is not rosy, of course. Some cons:

- I have not been able to develop a in a position paper, an enviable publication.
- I have not made a media in a conference, something other doctoral students in my class have made themselves.
- the work is good, but it takes a long time. I am dedicating half an hour a day to my dissertation. That is, no doubt, too little time to finish the thesis in four years.
- I asked for a scholarship and not granted me. Do not have an average outstanding career is difficult to load weight. Having fellowship to carry out the thesis is a privilege, let it clear. A privilege poorly paid, but could spend 8 hours a day to our own research and be able to begin teaching at the university is a considerable advantage compared to other doctoral students like me.

not believe my year as brilliant. Nor is there anything remarkable, but at least I have reason to believe that this can come to fruition. I take much hold the status of other colleagues, that the courses passed, have no fellowship, or afraid, or college work and must weekends currar putting cups to pay for his dream, his thesis.


Tuesday, November 11, 2008

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Times

There are times that the pace picked up, no effort is required to sit, concentrate and make the days pass slowly, steadily .. with results. One goes to bed feeling accomplished and moving slowly.

There are other, in which out of habit, laziness, illness, women, sun or other distractions, you do not give a stick to water. And the days fly by without pause ... no results.

Finally, the era in which I am now. Do not stop working (in the research group, NOT in my thesis.) The weeks go by without me noticing, and just think how hard it will pick up the pace when you return to the thesis.

On the other hand is a bit unfortunate not be able to update this month and peak corner. Apologies

.

Thursday, October 2, 2008

What Diferent Betweenextract And Concentrate



About a year ago today I was at home, after three (sad) months without giving a stick to water, waiting for my acceptance to the doctoral program. I knew it would not be me. If I accept, fine, but if not ... Tomorrow

return to my home again and remembering that time I think of those who now are in that situation of not knowing what will happen to your life. I do not know if he ever will to anyone, but here are my tips for recent graduates who want to start a PhD.

  1. Patience. Patience now you do not know if you accept and patience when you have accepted. The bureaucracy, queues, scholarships, validations ... everything will be slow and tedious, without a doubt our best weapon is patience.
  2. not waste your time. PhD courses will be more or less hard, depends on many things, but in any case, he starts working on you. I have not done this year and I repent. Begins as soon as possible to define your research topic. Make a report describing and present it to whom you want to be your director. As soon as possible start with it, the better.
  3. Seeking funding, but do not be discouraged if you do not have scholarships. I am the best example. I paid my first 6 months of doctoral credit and although I have no scholarship, I made it into a research group with a good salary. If you show interest and you approach your classmates and teachers, a "train" pass.
  4. That said, do not be mortgaged by the thesis. If you do not see support from your faculty or department, plantéatelo again. I luckily I've found with this situation. If you're halfway to the DEA, at least finish it.
  5. Make friends with the secretariat Department and the Faculty. Mandan much (or more) than professors, even if they seem.
  6. 've decided to do a PhD, so get to read and, although general notes of the race. You probably have a weaker theoretical basis than you think.
  7. socialize and share things with your classmates. A good conversation with another doctor can be very useful for raising spirits, discovering new authors, receive constructive criticism or have new ideas.
  8. Keep in touch with the "outside world." Maintain contact with fellow graduate or practices that chief no evil shall come in the future. You never know ... Lee
  9. you can fall Umberto Eco better or worse, but his book is quite interesting for those who started the argument.
  10. Write every day. Although a summary of what you read in an article. Even pass notes to clean. Although a reference found by chance and it sounds interesting. Although there are three (sad) lines in a blog.

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

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How to write a thesis ...

a working day in the thesis:

begin to make something of literature, so low to the library and grab three books. From way out in one of the cars, I find this:



is not the first time I saw him. In fact, had once cast a glance at any chapter, but I admit that despite having one year enrolled as a doctoral student, had not yet read. Total

, I'll take it along with the other three. Failure or success, do not know. The fact is that these days my productivity has been at fault = zero.

last night until 3 am reading. And today, anyway. Not that this is the best book that has passed through my hands, but do not understand how I had stopped by to read it, is entertaining and very basic if it is to write a thesis in the field of humanities / social science.

I liked a phrase that has to do with what I said yesterday:

is not so important the subject of the thesis and work experience that entails.
Umberto Eco, How to do a thesis .-

guess it's a good way to start the dissertation. Tomorrow if I take a while still counting the Summer School ...

Monday, September 22, 2008

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And finally, it.

Today I had a meeting with my boss (research group). Indeed, in the end it will be my thesis supervisor.



[FLASHBACK]

consider that she offered me curro mid-year when I was I Ph.D. paying my savings and thanks to the job, now I wake up every month a salary double that of the fellows.
Consider that six months ago I went to his office to ask for guidance and together choose a research topic that later appeared at a Summer School.
Consider that in the Summer School I dropped sticks everywhere so poorly constructed that was my (not yet started) thesis.
consider that this was my fault for going to the wild at a Summer School without consulting (without even!) With my director (a). Consider
I got sick of the topic and I fond of another field of study, in which a young teacher Head of Department is a specialist and future reference.
consider that because of a delay in the delivery of their course work and a nasty post-doctoral, young professor caught seems to me a little grudge.
Consider that he still preferred him to supervisor, by subject, because it goes to anyone and tip over, because it is a worker and because I like him, bucking.
Consider, finally, she probably also of a professor, will be a perfect " passive director."

[THIS]

That said, I say (to encourage me, mostly) that

1. The thesis does not write the director, passive or active, but me.
2. What if at this stage did not have a theme chosen is because I have no clear vocation to investigate something concrete, then finally I'm good, as long as I find interesting. Falling in love with the thesis that writing is difficult.
3. That if my head still happens to me in the future, I have the possibility (very fashionable in the department lately) to request another teacher who is a guardian (or assistant principal, not as would be called).

and decree, which by my nose, today September 22, 2008 I start working on my thesis, the first part (dissertation) intend to complete within a maximum period of one year.

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

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mental note to keep in mind for the future.

The deadlines are to be kept.

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

Which Victoria's Secret Bra Is Best

Discovery of the mummy of Lady of the Mask in Lima


Peruvian archaeologists discovered the funerary remains intact from a woman mask and a child sacrificed Wari culture, about 1,300 years ago, in an excavation carried out in an archaeological site in the area urban Lima.

"It is a multiple grave in which were found intact three funeral bundles, one has an impressive mask with human characteristics of a woman," he told AFP archaeologist Isabel Flores, who directs the work at the Huaca Pucllana in a central district of Miraflores.

Researcher explained that members of this culture placed a mask on the front of the skull in the ritual burial bundle as noble female character buried.

"is a woman because we found around and instrumental offerings as a textile weaver" , said the scholar after indicating that it is normal for the burial remains of children because they were offered to accompany the adults.

"The Lady of the Mask" , as it has been dubbed, is the first tomb found intact Wari Huaca Pucllana in Lima.

"It is an important finding found in tombs Huaquan several years (dropped) but not in intact, "said Flores.

The discovery was made the first week of August in the fifth platform where archaeological research conducted 24 years .

As part of the discovery were also found remains of pottery and textiles.

The wari buried their dead within bundles of ropes made of vegetable fiber that filled with leaves to protect the body and adorned in sometimes with funerary masks, said the newspaper El Comercio reported that discovery.

The pre-Inca Wari culture developed between the years 700 and 1000 AD in the South Andean department of Ayacucho, and continued until reaching the central coast in the departments of Lima and Ica, and Cajamarca in the north.

The Huaca Pucllana is considered one of the most important pre-Columbian ceremonial and administrative center of Lima.

http://ar.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/080827/entretenimiento/per___arqueolog__a_1

Thursday, August 28, 2008

Slow Cook Silverside Rare

anthropologists undertake projects NAHUA-VILLAGES REGION PREPARES

In Guerrero


*** Through an interdisciplinary group of experts, INAH initiated this research program focused on the cultural area located in upstate ***
began in Taxco, the
Roundtable III Anthropological and Historical Knowledge of Guerrero

To have a deeper knowledge and cultural articles of the Nahua-Chontal region, located in the "province of silver" ie in the northern state of Guerrero, the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) implemented the Social Anthropology Integrated Project, which will run over three years by an interdisciplinary group composed of 23 specialists.

Mercadet Gloria Artis, head of the National Coordination of Anthropology, announced that this project has been divided into seven working groups, defined by a thematic line of study in academic fields of archeology, physical anthropology, history , linguistics, ethnohistory and ethnology. "This is articulated from a research problem common Chontal define what ".

As part of the opening of the Round Table III. Anthropological and Historical Knowledge of Guerrero , which takes place in Taxco from 26 to 29 August, the national coordinator said that this way you can revive and strengthen the socio-cultural knowledge of this region from pre-Hispanic times to the present .

This plan collaborating scholars from various institutions, amongst which is the INAH, Autonomous University of Guerrero, the Center for Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology (CIESAS), the National University Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) and the Government of the State of Guerrero.

In turn, Brigida von Mentz, CIESAS researcher, said that the reason for studying the upstate region reflects the importance that represented the same in the pre-Hispanic times as in the colonial, as it was an important mining area that remained long ties to the south of what is now the State of Mexico.

"many researchers agree that this area is archaeologically very important, but it is also fundamental in the study of ethnohistory and economic history of mining and metallurgy Hispanic that was generated there, "he added.

As a result of the project are expected at the end of three years, with at least 18 publications and a host of outreach activities, cultural dissemination and training of researchers in studies Guerrero.

also expected to create more interdisciplinary working groups in promoting research in other areas of the state, as the regions of the mountains or the coast.

III The Round Table. Anthropological Knowledge and History of Guerrero, takes place from 26 to 29 August in the city of Taxco and will aim discuss about anthropological work carried out in the area and the relationship they have on social development in the state.

Among the topics to be discussed are: cultural heritage conservation, ethnobotany, intercultural education, linguistics and public policy research, production and market indigenous crafts, rituals and worldview indigenous oral tradition, among others.

http://www.inah.gob.mx/

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INAH archaeological exploration in TULA

2008 field season

Among the tasks to be developed are the conservation of the Burnt Palace and the excavation of Building K, room believed to have been occupied by the Toltec
elite is also provided to conduct studies to confirm the time dating boom

Work conservation and archaeological exploration of buildings like the Palacio Quemado and Edificio K, the latter considered as the space occupied by the elite Toltec-start the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in the archaeological zone of Tula, Hidalgo state, which will join dating studies to corroborate data covering the period of peak that had the well known "City of Atlantis."

With a budget of about three million pesos, INAH specialists headed by archaeologist Robert Cobean and Luis Gamboa will work seven months in the Conservation and Research Program Maintenance Tula, considered one of the projects most important research of this entity, which provides field seasons extend from three to four years.

Thus, a group of restaurateurs will be devoted to perform conservation work called Palacio Quemado, "the name given by traces of fire found in the remains of the pre-Hispanic structure, which represents one of the top architectural complexes area, consisting of three courtyards with a series columns supporting the roofs and sidewalks decorated with reliefs depicting warriors and musicians in procession.

archaeologist Robert Cobean, reported that the intervention of the building due to the effects caused by the environment and natural phenomena such as strong rains that have affected the region. In this building built with walls of adobe and stucco floors will be a general cleaning, weeding, consolidation of masonry and sealing cracks and fissures.

All this, according to the specialist, will be implementing similar materials to those used during pre-Hispanic times, such as lime, for coating.

Archaeologist also be anticipated that the excavation of building K, which is a fundamental monumental structures of the archaeological zone consists of a huge platform over 100 feet long and 70 meters wide with large rooms consist of columns, its facade forms the boundary of the main entrance to the exhibition and includes a ladder over 15 feet high.

According to information that had the research done in the nineties, when it was excavated to 50 percent of the building, it appeared that probably functioned as a space for meetings and ceremonies of elite groups Tula, a hypothesis that is expected to check with the excavation and analysis of the materials can be located on site.

Excavation the so-called Building K will take about two years, because more than conduct research will seek to rebuild from surveys which have been made during the season of field work also expect to find background material to explain their function, "said Robert Cobean.

Another building to intervene is the Pyramid C, which was explored in 2007, revealing important evidence of the construction techniques of the cores and retaining walls. Here calls for further archaeological excavation and conservation in the preceding year.

also will continue the development of a topographic map of the new architectural-monumental structures in the main site for this specialist work will be supported by new technology to have an exact location of where the third dimension.

Regarded as "the place where he lived the king Quetzalcoatl, Tula had its peak between 900 and 1150 d. C, but with the new research is expected that this date be flown at least 50 years. "With radiocarbon studies being done at different sherds dating hope to have new development of this ancient Toltec city. "

"The basic idea is to document in greater detail, the urban development of Tula, especially the part that is in the archaeological zone, because we still have many questions to resolve on its institutions, history and culture and its importance as a great capital of an expansionist state, "said archaeologist Robert Cobean.

archaeological investigations, initiated 70 years ago confirmed that the well-known as "City of Atlantis" was one of the largest urban centers in Mesoamerica, about 16 km ². The importance of Tula, too, because there ethnohistorical data on various aspects of their history and culture: the names of kings, stories about the founding of the city, and their conquest and decadence.

Within the old city, also have identified dozens of neighborhoods with their own administrative centers and temples, so it is important, said the researcher, making a detailed diagnosis of the condition of all buildings exposed and initiate a program of consolidation and maintenance.

Cobean which will also forward inventory and documentation of the reliefs and sculptures sheltered in the cellars of the area and at the National Museum of Anthropology, as well as renewing the bonds of the site to make it more attractive to the audience and get more visitors.

http://www.inah.gob.mx/

Tuesday, August 12, 2008

Does Your Cervix Get Softer Around Your Period

2000 Arqueologia Hallan old jerusalem coins discovered a sewer

A team of German and Israeli archaeologists discovered in a loft underground near Jerusalem a clay pot with a treasure of 15 silver coins about 2,000 years old.

"A discovery well is very little common and really exciting, "said Professor Manfred Oeming, University of Heidelberg, news agency DPA.

" It only happens once in life. If you are lucky you will find a treasure and every 20 years, "insisted the archaeologist .

The director of the excavations, Oded Lipschits, University of Tel Aviv , believes the finding has to do with destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD . by the Romans.

"The vessel was covered ground of necessity. He was allegedly hidden in a hurry. It is possible that the treasure has been hidden here immediately after the destruction of the Temple by the Romans, to be picked up later. Apparently the person that hid the coins and could not. I must have missed something, "said Lipschits.

The destruction of the Temple is remembered on the day of mourning and Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av, which falls on Sunday. The treasure had been found so nearly on the anniversary of these facts, 1,938 years later.

The team of archaeologists also found in the same place 380 coins from the Byzantine era . With both findings "clarified the interesting rather significant history of Ramat Rahel, "said Oeming.

The excavations are located south of the Old City of Jerusalem .

The archaeologists believe that 700 years before Christ there was a citadel royal palace of the sons of David, "with the considerable size of 6,000 square meters.

function having is controversial: it could be a luxurious palace for women, an administrative office or a summer residence .

Later, during the Persian era, there was an administrative center and V to VII century AD, a Byzantine church and monastery.

The excavations involved 120 students, 56 from Heidelberg and 20 in Tel Aviv. "In addition to archaeological discoveries, the project is of great importance to relations between Germany and Israel and Judeo-Christian" said Oeming.

http://ar.news.yahoo.com/s/11082008/40/n-argentina-hallan-monedas-2-000-antiguedad-jerusalen.html

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Roman Archaeology of the third century in very good condition in Galicia


Remains of a third century Roman sewer in "good condition" and a road, with side channels and connected with it, have been discovered in the basement of a building of the Galician city of Lugo (northwest), reported the regional government.

The Galician Executive owns the land where Roman remains have been found, belonging to a water pipe system during the time of the Lower Empire, in the III-IV centuries.

The archaeological report detailing the sewer was reused as the building drainage system in the eighteenth and nineteenth , something very common in Lugo, as seen in other interventions in the city.

The remains have been found between fifty and eighty feet deep with respect to the current level of the ground floor.

The report notes that "the levels of Roman and medieval occupation located on a level very close to the current times being destroyed by the recent occupation of the land."

Following this discovery, the Department has decided to amend the planned project to rehabilitate the building and has waived part of buildable for residential use.

Thus, the lower ground floor is not occupied and is intended for the preservation of the surface and the Roman sewer, which will be open to visitors and the public.

Lugo is one of the English cities with more Roman remains, among which its walls.

http://ar.news.yahoo.com/s/11082008/24/noticias-entretenimiento-descubierta-cloaca-romana-siglo-iii-buen-galicia.html

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Archaeology discovered the first scene of Shakespeare in London


A group of archaeologists discovered in east London the remains of a theater where William Shakespeare played his first starring roles on stage and took his first works as a writer, announced Wednesday the Museum London .

The playwright took the stage of the Theatre in Shoreditch, east London, as an actor in the company of Lord Chamberlain's Men, which also staged some of the first works he wrote.

Experts think that the Shoreditch Theatre conducted the first performances of 'Richard III', 'The Dream of a Summer Night "and" The Merchant of Venice'.

theater owners dismantled the night of 1599 following a dispute with managers who had rented. Part of the wood was then used to build another theater, Globe, south of the River Thames, which runs the British capital. The

Museum of London archaeologists discovered where was the original theater, which was octagonal, while doing some work for the construction of a new theater. "We knew of its existence for some time but never found any remains," he told AFP Museum spokesman, Tim Morley. "It's the theater where he first served the company of actors from which Shakespeare belonged and that his works represented the first time, when he began writing" he said.

The remains found are kept in the new theater under construction. "Finding that we build a theater for the XXI century in the same place where some of Shakespeare's plays were represented for the first time is a great source of inspiration," said Jeff Kelly, president of the Tower Theatre Company, the company that builds the new theater.

http://ar.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/080806/entretenimiento/gb_teatro_literatura_historia_arqueolog__a_1

Friday, August 1, 2008

Chinese Atv Cranks Hard

Fossil Remains Found in an estate

The piece is in the Anthropological Museum

The manager of a farm in Urituhuasi (Department Figueroa) found almost level with the ground a piece fossil the specialists confirmed as belonging to the family of mastodons . These animals became extinct about 10,000 years ago and finding adds to the list of fossil discoveries of recent times.
A resident of the town of La Banda , who serves as manager of a farm in the town of Urituhuasi Figueroa department, found a fossil piece of substantial size, weighing approximately 30 kilos
The man took the fossil to his home in downtown La Banda, and was informed of the finding professionals in the Anthropological Museum of the province
The Mr. José Togo within the Department of Anthropology at the Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, told News 7 that the piece would be the top the jaw of an animal that would be of a mastodon, an ancestor of today's elephants, who disappeared during the Quaternary period, about 10,000 years ago.
" This is a fossil belonging to the Quaternary megafauna . The reasons for his disappearance could have been climate change or over-hunting of these animals and during that time, was the professional.
According to what stated by Mr. Togo when producing this kind of findings should be reported to Anthropology Museum "Emilio and Duncan Wagner" , according to the provisions of provincial legislation to safeguard the archaeological and anthropological santiagueño.

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archeology culture Santiago del Estero tonocotes

Santiagueña spoke in World Archaeological Congress in Ireland

The world knew the culture that inhabited tonocotés Santiago
Address: Lucy Brown spoke on territorial delimitation and appreciation of culture in society santiagueña Tonocoté today.


Workshop on "Indigenous peoples over territory and property" was the opportunity that led to a santiagueña to participate in the 6 th World Archaeological Congress held in Dublin, Ireland . The santiagueña Lucy Brown, Cooperative graduate, made a presentation on Tonocotés peoples of the province, which is co-author with Solita Pereyra, authority of the people studied.
"There is a denial, a very valid to argue that there are no Indians here and that means the issue that was banned at one time speak Quechua, the language of these people, refused their existence, and why ordinary people think that they are no longer and what remains of the Indians are in museums, "he said as part of the assessments shared with the world community at the scene.
added: "They are there in their communities, have many structural problems, no jobs and young people have to go as any peasant, but they refuse to recognize them as such but are proud to be descendants of original peoples. " The professional was chosen to join the team National University of Santiago del Estero (Unseen) to carry forward the implementation of Law 26160 on territorial survey of native peoples.
Brown is a member of the Task Force that is responsible for the implementation of this draft survey technical cadastral and land occupied by indigenous communities in the province. This initiative was also part of the dissertation santiagueña explaining that "today there is a whole policy of the National Institute of Indigenous Affairs restore some parts of that territory. They need a place to live, in the past did not know the word boundary or boundaries because it was land where they lived, lived, reproduced hunted or fished, and all that changes with the arrival of the conqueror to the situation today " he said.
Lucy Brown is a PhD in Social Sciences at the Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. This expertise along with the constant contact with indigenous peoples has led to lecture in Ireland.
The project carried out by the Unseen is led by San Martín and Solita Leandro Pereyra, a member of Tonocoté people with the collaboration of many professionals in various areas. The launch will be in August.
6
The World Archaeological Congress held in Dublin, Ireland was declared of cultural interest by the Secretary of Culture of the province be of great relevance to communities of Aboriginal peoples in our province.

Thursday, July 31, 2008

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Remains Found in a bowl of chocolate 3,750 years


Remains Found chocolate in a pot of 3,750 years Mexican
Mexican archaeologists found
waste chocolate into a basin of about 3,750 years, indicating that consumption of this substance is older than previously thought, said today National Institute of Archaeology and History (INAH).

The vessel was located in an excavation of Veracruz (Gulf of Mexico) in the holy site of Mount Manatee, along with sumptuous objects, at the time, such as greenstone axes, bones of turtle and venison, various seeds and jadeite .

carbon-14 tests determined that the vessel dating from about 1750 BC, and the context of possibly finding determined that its role was to contain beverages such as chicha (corn beer), porridge (sweet corn drink) and chocolate.

These were beverages commonly consumed by the leaders and people of high social status.

From this finding, by INAH researchers and several U.S. universities including Yale, suggests that cocoa consumption occurred in the so-called formative period (1900-900 BC), eight centuries earlier than previously thought.

The use of the drink, according to new data, precedes the evidence found in the Mayan areas of Belize and Puerto Escondido (Honduras), which placed the use of cocoa 1100 years before Christ.

This shows, according to the researchers, the consumption of drinks based on cocoa begins with the installation of the first sedentary peoples.

Cocoa was brought to Europe by the English after the conquest of Mexico. The substance, as written, was very popular among Mexicans.

The drink is prepared with ground cocoa beans cooked with stones and water, mixed with agave syrup, corn flour and substances such as annatto, annatto and vanilla, resulting in probably an alcoholic beverage for ceremonies.

Tuesday, July 22, 2008

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Mexican anthropological sciences contain many mysteries

History Museum Importance of Emilio and Duncan Wagner

contain anthropological sciences many mysteries

Collections. Rock Art Exhibition of English-Indian period, preceramic and agroalfarero.

Anthropological Museum of Natural Sciences and Duncan Emilio Wagner, coming to celebrate their 91st anniversary this July 29, is another clear choice in this time of year. Exhibits between its natural and anthropological collections valuable archaeological, botanical and mineralogical zoo.

"There is a very large archaeological collection contains materials from the chaco-santiagueña, series monographs and study rock art of English-Indian period, and agroalfarero preceramic periods, funerary vessels, small figurines, arrowheads, and musical instruments.

also has a library, periodicals, conference room and audiovisual slides, all these alternatives that we pass to the children of the different schools that we always come to visit (the capital and interior). Also performed concerts and presentations of books in this house, "Longo told employees and Marcelo Liliana Reuter. Currently
is about to make a pottery workshop for aboriginal children 6 and up to 12 years and also plans to develop another but for adults in August, three months.

The days when you can visit the museum are Monday through Friday from 8 to 20 and on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays from 10 to 19. Its location is Avellaneda 355. Sacred Art



is also the Sacred Art Museum San Francisco Solano, which retains a spiritual and artistic heritage of Santiago del Estero, which opened on July 24, 1969 with the contribution of the first religious museum in northern Argentina, Madre Ana Maria Taboada of the house in Bethlehem.

This house is the guide Leandro Gauna, adding that since its restoration, recently, many tourists come daily. "We also are working to make invitations to schools to schedule their visits. We know the interest and believe that children must know the religious heritage we have, "he said.

In this museum, unlike earlier, people must pay an entrance fee. It has a value of $ 3 general, and for senior citizens and children $ 2. It is located on Avenida Roca and almost Avellaneda, next to the church of San Francisco. 


Source: Journal The Liberal - Santiago del Estero

Thursday, June 19, 2008

Drying Fruit For A Garland

Anthropology Archaeology Osteology Forensic Anthropology

BONE STUDY IN ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

One of the great claims of men to transcend death. Bridging the gap and full successes, human osteology enables us to steal some life to death through one of its most representative images: the skeletons.

a fact of our biological reality is that our bodies beyond our existence. I mean obviously mummies and skeletons that are the last vestiges of our corporations.

The study of the bones within anthropology has long-standing interest, currently being easily identifiable specialized areas within the field osteological such as paleopathology, dental anthropology and the reconstruction of diets from stable isotopes, among many others. It is significant interest that continue to attract the skeletons in the specialized field. In the past five decades the number of jobs on osteology have held a privileged place in the official journal of the American Association of Physical Anthropology (Lovejoy et al 1982:336).

Beyond the validity and implications of technical and methodological choices that this implies, it is also true that the osteology has evolved in their internal approaches. This development also allows us to draw links with other anthropological areas also address these corporeal remains embedded within the multipurpose concept of burial.
osteology was certainly a fertile area descriptions in the nineteenth century with the burgeoning interest of Paul Broca and his special attention to the craniometric. The measures were transformed into conclusive evidence that validated deterministic anthropology. It is a time rich in typologies and segregatorio implacable character.

The osteology late last century and the beginning of this century, spends much of its efforts in a debugging, consensus and detailed osteometric techniques. It was not until the middle of this century that physical anthropology rethinking the nature of their efforts.

This historical development within the physical anthropology find similarity in archeology. Saving disciplinary interests, both disciplines face into his speech to new approaches to governing.

The recognition of these new stages, "New Archaeology" and "new physical anthropology" are not far away. By archeology, returning to Caldwell (1959), renews to overturn the disciplinary interest in ecology and settlement patterns as evidence in the study of cultural processes and neglects attention to the amount of recovered artifacts (Trigger, 1989:294). Something similar had occurred in the area antropofísico to Washburn (1953), in this discipline would have abandoned the intention to insist on merely qualifying interest explaining further reflection on biological phenomena in man.

In the early 50's the osteology receive a severe setback in one of his most characteristic topics and longstanding racial differentiation. New pieces in the assessment of biological variability try to discredit the achievements of the osteology.

to Boyd (1950) had four inconsistencies osteology:
(a) the difficulty in determining the skeletal morphology of the living.
(b) rapid skeletal adaptation to the environment,
(c) the polygenic nature of skeletal features, and
(d) the fact that the measures were not designed osteometric logically (Armelagos et.al.1982: 310 .)

This premature obituary supported by the use of blood markers which would be considered as differentiating race valid for several decades, but Boyd's criticism about the scope of the osteology lay essentially on methodological aspects of conceptual elements. The overall goals of the proposal did not stop a recurring line in the field typological.

other hand is a reality for many osteologists success validates much descriptive explanatory efforts. Not always easy to get rid of old disciplinary shadows and may even point out that these approaches not only relate to issues inherent to the biology of the skeleton but also other topics detached from practice antropofísica related to archeology such as systematic practice mortuary or bone deformities.

In this sense we can state that many osteological classifications grouped lengths or indices: dolichocephaly-mesocefalia-brachycephaly (head), platolenia-eurolenia (ulna), platimería-eurimería-estenomería (femur), placticnemia-mesocnemia-euricnemia (tibia ), among others. In turn, the osteological deformities are not poor in nomenclature: tabular erect, tabular oblique or remove, by following one of the classification systems in the skull. Or in the systematic burial according to body position, seated, supine lateral and more .. In any case it is clear that use these descriptions do not explain.

Once alerted the osteology of the narrative labyrinths, the sequel to the beginning of the century, were developed several approaches on how to address information of the skeletons. The first of these approaches starts from archeology. His interest focuses on the social value of mortuary practices opening, from an anthropological perspective of Archaeology, an "archeology of death." Although there is no particular interest in how to integrate information antropofísica beyond essential osteological data, this is an approach developer based on approaches such as Binford, Saxe and Brown.

They seek to establish basic general guidelines which can integrate information from a mortuary contexts anthropological discourse.

For example, Saxe, as the social person is determined by the characteristics of each social system, it is understood that the analysis of a social group of people (the study of a necropolis in the case of archeology) would an approach to the organization of that society. Saxe presents a type of analysis allows us to decipher: a) how social people are represented differently in the areas of deposition, and b) how different social structures are represented differently between different areas of deposition (Lull and Picazo, 1989:10)

As a result of this in the mid- 70's major proposals come as Lane et al (1972) and Tainter (1976). In these the funeral context antropofísica information are gradually forming an explanatory unit. For example Lane, proposes that to the extent that any feature of social organization save correspondence with the reference biological kinship system, it may be elucidated from osteological data (Lane, 1972).

Shortly after the 80's' are consolidating some of these approaches. Synthesis important as the Humphreys and King (1982) and O'Shea (1984) arranged a little progress so far achieved. On the other hand, is also in this decade that are enriching biosocial approach 'shared discourses. Broader interests of paleopathology and paleodemography generate more committed and from trails antropofísicos own disciplinary discourses perhaps more legitimate than some later identified within the bioarchaeology.

turn begin to develop Major revisions of methodologies and techniques and revalued osteological accusing the contributions and achievements of the reconstruction of life through the skeletons of new synthesis and Krogman and Iscan (1986) or the Iscan and Kennedy (1989) are updated osteology already announced one for the future essentially important innovations from the field Microanalysis.

A more consistent with the reconstruction of life through the skeletons is observable from the osteobiografías (Saul and Saul, 1989). Here the focus is organized essentially from big questions such as "who they were? How were they? Whence were?, thus forms a large figure that does not necessarily try to meet any particular premise.

While much of the construction of this assignment has a disciplinary history essentially guided by the American disciplinary development is important to note significant absences in the discourse on the lines developed in the old continent. In any case it seems that the desire for consensus have been ignored. Significant absences in the discourse of the archeology of death are detectable by not considering French authors such as Thomas or Aries who may well have extended this vision anthropological and archaeological over death.

Within these absences and failures can be identified in England but approaches which take up proposals by U.S. authors and Buikstra and Cook, 1980 (Bush and Zvelebil 1991). These approaches fall into two senses) access to biological conditions of human populations and their implications for biological and cultural reproduction of society and b) consider the selective effects of the culture of the study population and survival. In this approach archaeological interests are diluted to insist a bit more presence to questions about biological adaptation order of populations.
While

be identified in this brief review some of the approaches that have been shaping the terms of the skeletons is clear that other voices have not been touched. It is also true that this small opening chords lacks its own history of development of this field in Peru. In any case this is not a story away, recent pulse (Benson 1973, Donnan and Mackey 1978; Dillehay 1991, Verano and Ubelaker 1992; Guillén 1994; Millions Lemlij 1996;) are shaped much of contemporary history which we will increase. As I mentioned on the front lines, the bones have long life, just to make them speak their stay will have been pointless.

By: Mario Millions Figueroa - Physical Anthropologist

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subdiscipline Biological Anthropology subdiscipline

Forensic Anthropology
The forensic anthropology is one of the subdisciplines of biological anthropology .
is divided into three major branches, associated with so many branches of anthropological science: forensic anthropology, forensic archeology and cultural anthropology forensics.

The physical anthropology Forensic is responsible for the identification of skeletonized human remains given his extensive relationship with biology and variability of the human skeleton. You can also determine if they have left marks on the bones, causes of death, to try to reconstruct the mechanics of facts and mechanics of injury, together with the forensic archaeologist, the criminal field and coroner and provide, if possible, material on the offender's behavior through evidence left at the scene and perimortem and postmortem treatment given to the victim.
It helps with Forensic taphonomy techniques, recent research strategy applied to forensic cases. Includes techniques archeology and physical anthropology in forensic research on the process thanatological. The use of taphonomic models in the analysis of forensic contexts to estimate time since death, reconstruct the circumstances before and after the deposition of the corpse and discrimination factors in the human remains that are products of human behavior, from those produced by biological systems, physical, chemical and geological.
taphonomic techniques indicate when the bodies were attacked by carnivores, rodents or humans killed by the various ways that criminals now have the bodies and segments thereof may be easily confused by the action of different tanatofagos. The conduct of the murderers can introduce variations of transport, dismemberment and other alterations in human remains. There are large differences between the degrees of weathering, tanatofagos and dispersion pattern of bodies in deserts, forests, underwater, on earth, that the method taphonomic can help describe and explain.

Forensic Archaeology Archaeology
forensic archaeological techniques applied set, slightly modified by the requirements of registration rather than facts or place of discovery, where a skeleton or skeletons or body or bodies are present. Not only have used these traditional archaeological techniques to the study of criminal alleged facts, but also in the battles of the past investigation and exhumation of historical figures .
When a body is skeletonized or in an advanced state of putrefaction, the forensic archaeologist can only help the field expert criminologist at the request of prosecutors. Is strengthened and a strategy intradisciplinary research where they work together on criminal expert in the field, forensic photographer, forensic archaeologists, forensic physical anthropologist, the various forensic science crime lab to process the evidence recovered dctamenes be targeted in which a means test. Archaeology attempts to recover the cultural behavior of the past. The focus of forensic archeology is to rebuild and recover criminal behavior in context Assn evidence that the final events to reconstruct the events allegedly delictivos.o be like one plus one equals 11.

cultural anthropology forensic
Responsible for assisting the forensic psychologist's interpretation of the perpetrator behavior as evidence at the scene or finding. The aim is to establish the characteristics of the criminal personality that will serve for a quick arrest. With the knowledge on cultural conceptions on death, funeral rituals and death in ritual contexts, the specialist can tell when a criminal is organized or disorganized, and why, trying to distinguish the cultural practices of pathological disorders.
also can help Criminology Criminology or to establish the causes of crime, prevention and classification of inmates in rehabilitation centers and monitoring together with psychologists and teachers of social rehabilitation programs for prisoners.
Finally, psychologists can assist in the care therapy for victims through the reorganization of the subject's symbolic universe.

Friday, June 13, 2008

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anthropologist Franz Boas biography


Franz Boas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Franz Boas ( Minden, Westphalia , July 9 of 1858 - New York , December 21 of 1942) was an anthropologist U.S. home Jewish German.
After studying at various German universities ( Heidelberg, Bonn ) of doctorate at the Kiel . rejected evolutionism and diffusionism as not believe that the same facts in place and time apart may come from universal laws that would lead the human spirit. He represented the school relativistic and, in turn, the precursor of historical particularism. In the beginning was a student of physical . In 1886, during some research, traveled to northern Canada to study various water sources. Was lost and was rescued by the Inuit Indians . Following this event he decided to stay in U.S. and became an anthropologist , from teaching at the University Columbia, which led the department of Anthropology. In 1921
performed work related to the consequences of migration, they consisted of comparing the first and second generation immigrants in the populations of origin, who had remained sedentary. The aim of these studies was to measure the impact of the new environment on migrants.
He founded the American Anthropological Association and in 1931 was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. When the NSDAP German denounced the "Jewish science" (attack not only against him but against Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein ), Boas replied in writing along at 8,000 intellectuals, what mattered was the science, and that race and religion were irrelevant.

Sources and readings

Writings by Boas Boas
nd "The relation of Darwin to anthropology," notes for a lecture , Boas Papers (B / B61.5) American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Published on line with Herbert Lewis 2001b.
Boas, Franz 1911 The Mind of Primitive Man ISBN 0313240043
Boas, Franz 1940 Race, Language, and Culture ISBN 0-226-06241-4
Stocking, George W., Jr.., Ed 1974 A Franz Boas Reader: The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883-1911 ISBN 0-226-06243-0
Boas, Franz 1928 "Anthropology and Modern Life" (2004 ed.) ISBN 0-7658-0535 -9

Writings on Boas and anthropology su
Bashkow, Ira 2004 "Neo-Boasian Conception of Cultural Boundaries" in American Anthropologist 106 (3): 443-458
Bunzl, Matti 2004 "Boas, Foucault, and the 'Native Anthropologist'" in American Anthropologist 106 (3): 435-442
Cole, Douglas 1999 Franz Boas: The Early Years, 1858-1906 ISBN 1-55054-746-1
Darnell, Regna 1998. “And Along Came Boas: Continuity and Revolution in Americanist Anthropology.” ISBN 1556196237
Kuper, Adam 1988 The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an Illusion ISBN 0-415-00903-0
Kroeber, Alfred 1949 "An Authoritarian Panacea" en American Anthropologist 51(2) 318-320
Lesser, Alexander 1981 "Franz Boas" in Sydel Silverman, ed. Totems and Teachers: Perspectives on the History of Anthropology ISBN 0-231-05087-9
Lewis, Herbert 2001a "The Passion of Franz Boas" en American Anthropologist 103(2): 447-467
Lewis, Herbert 2001b "Boas, Darwin, Science and Anthropology" en Current Anthropology 42(3): 381-406 (On line version contains transcription of Boas's 1909 lecture on Darwin.)
Stocking, George W., Jr. 1968 "Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology" ISBN 0-226-77494-5
Stocking, George W., Jr., ed. 1996 Volksgeist as Method and Ethic: Essays on Boasian Ethnography and the German Anthropological Tradition ISBN 0-299-14554-9
Valdés Gázquez, María. 2006. "El pensamiento antropológico de Franz Boas". Bellaterra : Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. ISBN 84-490-2443-9

Boas, antropología, e identidad judía
Glick, Leonard B. 1982 "Types Distinct from Our Own: Franz Boas on Jewish Identity and Assimilation" in American Anthropologist 84(3) pp. 545-565.
Frank, Gelya 1997 "Jews, Multiculturalism, and Boasian Anthropology" in American Anthropologist 99(4), pp. 731-745.
Mitchell Hart 2003 "Franz Boas as German, American, Jew." In German-Jewish Identities in America, eds. C. Mauch and J. Salomon (Madison: Max Kade Institute), pp. 88-105.
Kevin MacDonald 1998 The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements -- chapter 2 provides a critique of Boas, by resurrecting the Nazi notion of "Jewish science ."

Links
A Reassessment of human cranial plasticity: Boas revisited - Criticism made by Corey S. Boas Richard L. Sparks and Jantz.
Heredity, Environment, and Cranial Form - article confirming searches Boas, by Clarence C. Gravlee, H. Russell Bernard, and William R. Leonard
Franz Boas Out of the Ivory Tower - essay on the relationship between academia and policy making as an example
Boas Scam The Great Social Anthropology, Chris Brand - The West article Quarterly, a website and daily views advocating white supremacy . Est e article examines what the author describes as "destructive legacy of Franz Boas" while displaying strong diatribes against immigrants and non-Western peoples.
The Culture Cult: Web page
romantic primitivism is English Literature

Tuesday, June 10, 2008

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biological anthropology or physical anthropology Anthropology

Physical Anthropology
The physical anthropology is a branch of anthropology that aims to study the interactions of biological and social processes and their effects on human races, they understood not only as objects of essentially biological nature, but as the terrain of biosocial interaction, which implies a knowledge of both areas, but none of them reduced.
The term "physical anthropology" has been replaced by that of biological anthropology , which qualitatively describes an instance superior. This name has been deprecated, as well as the differentiation between human races, phrenology and some other methods and classifications used by it.
The physical anthropology at a time is divided into different branches : Forensic
  • Primatology
  • Osteology
  • somatology
  • Ontogeny
    Paleoanthropology, studying human evolution and their fossil ancestors. Paleopathology
  • Genetic Anthropology Human Ecology
why the physical anthropology can not be equated with biology or social sciences, despite taking both methods and techniques. The emphasis on biologist position has led to physical anthropologists to what has been called for several years in human biology, and on the other hand, cutting strict social studies. Both extremes are not synonymous with physical anthropology. Studies man in his physical-biological aspect.
subdiscipline of physical anthropology
Forensic Forensic Anthropology is the application of the science of physical or biological anthropology antropoligía to the legal process. is an applied form of physical anthropology, which deals directly with the identification mortuary while we can say that reconstructs the circumstances of death, equivalent to the reconstruction of antemortem biological biography of the individual, for the purpose of establish how was the lifestyle of the victim before his death, his illness and professional habits. This procedure is also known as osteo-biography.

Osteology
can be defined as the section of the discipline that studies the bones and its application in the sociobiológica.y as how to study the bones are determined and regional levels.

Somatology
is the study of human body and the relationships it establishes with the environment and culture. well as the structure of man and his difrentes types of environment where the man lived and MCPR
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Ontogeny Studied the chemical changes, physical and neurological experience any organism from the moment it is conceived until it dies.

Paleoanthropology
paleoanthropology is the branch of biological anthropology is the study of human evolution and their fossil ancestors, in other words of ancient hominids.

Paleopathology
Paleopathology is the science that studies the diseases suffered by people or animals in antiquity, through the traces found in the bones, poop and vicinity where there are such remnants.

Genetic Anthropology
is defined as the application of molecular techniques to understand hominid evolution, including human, relating them to other non-human creatures.

Human Ecology
can be defined as the matter affects the entire world in the biological study of the physical relationship between man and the environment in which it develops.

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Events 26th. Reunião da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia - RBA. Events

26th. Reunião da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia - RBA.

Dilemmas da (in) equality na Diversidade
PLACE: Porto Seguro - BA, Brazil
DATE: 1 to June 4, 2008

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Anthropology Lecture Series on Cultural Tourism

Lecture Series on Cultural Tourism

Location: Cordoba Argentina
Date: June 2008 SPONSORS NAyA
Free admission.
certificates will be awarded for full attendance at all activities: General $ 20, Students $ 15.
+ info and registration : http://www.ccec.org.ar/

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http://eventosdeantropologia.blogspot.com / 2008/06/ciclo-de-conferencias-de-turismo.html